In addition, it is preferred that the candidate has minimum two years of experience in the Oil those containing a mixture of the amorphous sapropelic debris and recognizable plant debris generally have “wet” hydrocarbon potential.

Through visual observation and comparison of the organic matter, the hydrocarbon potential of a sedimentary body and the types of hydrocarbon likely to be found are evaluated. Kinetic models, based on a specific calibration made on actual source rock samples, can simulate the evolution of all types of organic matter and can provide a quantitative evaluation of oil and gas generated. During cold winters, demand increases and gas costs escalate rapidly whereas in mild winters, demand and prices fall. In recent years there has been an increasing tendency to transport both oil and gas simultaneously through pipeline gathering systems. Success in shale-gas resource systems has renewed interest in efforts to attempt to produce oil from organic-rich mudstones or juxtaposed lithofacies as reservoir rocks. Absolute oil yields do not provide an indication of this potential for production as oil content tends to increase as a natural part of thermal maturation. Potential producibility of oil is indicated by a simple geochemical ratio that normalizes oil content to total organic carbon (TOC) referred to as the oil saturation index (OSI). All these indices are a function of the thermal history through rather complex kinetics, frequently influenced by the type of organic matter.

Previously published data were used to construct a generalized chart for predicting the type of flow pattern in the pipeline. The manyfold increase in pressure drop when liquid is deliberately put into a gas pipeline is illustrated by Van Wingen’s data in Figure 1. A look at the mechanism of two-phase flow will explain why pressure drops increase so much. A hydrogen fuel cell, put simply, is a device that uses both stored hydrogen and incoming or provided oxygen (usually from air) to produce electricity for consumption. We begin by having a look at the modification required to be carried out to an internal combustion engine in order to run it on an ethanol blended gasoline fuel. A simple procedure is outlined to single out the exceptional but real problem areas. Bitterli (1963a, 1963b) Philippi (1957, 1965) and Gutjahr (1966) have reported on organic-matter studies carried out for Shell Petroleum Corporation; Correia (1967) and others have reported on work in France and the Sahara; and Vassoevich et al.